South Africa’s official languages: a quick guide
South Africa is often described as having eleven official languages, a choice made in the 1996 Constitution to reflect the country’s diversity and to treat its languages with respect.
- Spoken official languages: 11
- Most common home language: isiZulu
- Added in 2023: South African Sign Language
- Also recognised: Khoi, Nama and San languages
The eleven
- isiZulu
- isiXhosa
- Afrikaans
- English
- Sesotho sa Leboa (Sepedi)
- Setswana
- Sesotho
- Xitsonga
- siSwati
- Tshivenda
- isiNdebele
Who speaks what
isiZulu is the most widely spoken home language, followed by isiXhosa. Afrikaans and English are also widely spoken, and English is commonly used in business, government and the media. Many South Africans speak two or more languages every day.
A twelfth official language
In 2023, South African Sign Language was added as an official language, giving the Deaf community constitutional recognition. The Constitution also commits the state to promoting Khoi, Nama and San languages.
Why it matters
Language is closely tied to identity and history in South Africa. Learning even a few phrases builds connections and shows respect.
Our guides are simplified introductions, and spelling, tone and usage can vary by region and community.
